Solar Module Manufacturing (ALMM)

Encapsulates and protects the delicate solar cells inside a finished module - low-iron tempered glass on the front, EVA film bonding the layers, and a backsheet sealing the rear.

A module is only as durable as its encapsulation - glass and EVA/backsheet quality directly determine a panel's 25-year degradation and warranty performance.

Solar glass is a capital-intensive, scale-driven business prone to Chinese oversupply/dumping cycles that repeatedly squeeze domestic makers' margins; EVA/backsheet is more chemically specialised and still mostly import-dependent.

• Module manufacturing capacity growth pulling through glass/EVA demand
• Anti-dumping and safeguard duties on Chinese solar glass
• ALMM-driven module localisation indirectly supporting domestic input demand

• Domestic solar glass capacity is thin and has been repeatedly undercut by cheap Chinese imports
• EVA resin and backsheet films are largely imported inputs even for domestic converters
• Anti-dumping duty cycles create stop-start investment incentives

• Capacity utilisation at domestic glass lines
• Anti-dumping duty renewal/removal decisions
• Import share of EVA/backsheet by value