Panels bonded to backlight, touch glass, driver chip and flex into a finished display module - ECMS Segment A sub-assembly.
Glass display panels (LCD or OLED, still imported) are laminated with touch sensors and cover glass, bonded to driver chips and flex cables, and tested into a module that drops straight into a phone, laptop, TV or car dashboard.
The display is usually the second most expensive part of a phone. ECMS pays 4% of extra sales in year 1 falling to 1% by year 6 (minimum investment ₹250 Cr) for display module sub-assembly - India's first step before any panel fab.
Module assembly captures a modest slice of the display's value (the panel itself is most of it) but at very high volumes. Samsung's Noida display unit and Dixon's HKC joint venture are the largest approved projects.